1889 Perron map SINGAPORE & RIAU ARCHIPELAGO, #54

1889 Perron map SINGAPORE & RIAU ARCHIPELAGO, #54


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Publication Year:1889
Type:Map
Year:1889
Topic:Maps
Country/Region:Singapore

Perron14_054 1889 Perron map SINGAPORE & RIAU ARCHIPELAGO, #54 Nice small map titled Archipel de Riouw, from wood engraving with fine detail and clear impression. Overall size approx. 17.5 x 17 cm, image size approx. 11.5 x 9 cm. From La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, la terre et les hommes, 19 vol. (1875-94), great work of Elisee Reclus. Cartographer is Charles Perron. Singapore, city, capital of the Republic of Singapore. It occupies the southern part of Singapore Island. Its strategic position on the strait between the Indian Ocean and South China Sea, complemented by its deepwater harbour, has made it the largest port in Southeast Asia and one of the world’s greatest commercial centres. The city, a free port, so dominates Singapore Island that the Republic of Singapore is often referred to as a city-state. Singapore (known variously as the “Lion City,” or “Garden City,” the latter for its many parks and tree-lined streets) has been called “instant Asia” because it offers the tourist an expeditious glimpse into the cultures brought to it by immigrants from all parts of Asia. While predominantly Chinese, it has substantial minorities of Malays and Indians. According to Malay tradition the island was visited by a prince who came from the Sumatran empire of Shrivijaya, who founded and named the city of Singapura. Portuguese records also have it that the city was founded by a Shrivijayan prince from Palembang. Sacked by the Majapahit Javanese during the 14th century, it was supplanted by Malacca (Melaka) but remained a port of call. Its modern history began with the arrival of Sir Stamford Raffles of the British East India Company, who, in searching for a trading site, landed there on Jan. 29, 1819. The port’s growth was steady, and opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 and the advent of steamships increased its importance as a bunkering station. Its growth was assured by the demand for the tin and rubber of the Malay Peninsula, for which the port was a natural shipping outlet. Created a city by royal charter in 1951, Singapore was administered as a municipality by an elected mayor-council government from 1957 until 1959, when the colony became self-governing. After 1963 the administration of the city and rural areas was handled by the central government. Singapore’s port area, one of the world’s largest, covers 36 square miles (93 square km). The Port of Singapore Authority operates six gateways (Jurong port, Container Terminal, Keppel, Telok Ayer, Sembawang, and Pasir Panjang wharves) that provide facilities for vessels ranging from oceangoing liners to lighters. The Keppel wharves, which lie protected between the islands of Brani and Sentosa, are deepwater and contain major docks and warehouses. Keppel is Southeast Asia’s major transshipment point for exports of oil, rubber, plywood, lumber, and spices. The port’s main imports include machinery, textiles, and rice. The Malayan rail system from Bangkok and Kuala Lumpur terminates at Singapore. The city proper, which stretches north and east of the port area, is characterized by low (140-150-foot [40-50-metre]) hills. Within the city run the Singapore and Rochor rivers, which are tidal inlets crowded with native craft. The original settlement north of the Singapore River remains the heart of the city; it is the locale of the principal commercial, government, and public buildings and the Anglican St. Andrew’s Cathedral (1862). Modern housing estates have cut into some of the city’s traditional cultural enclaves, particularly the Chinese quarter. Skyscraper hotels and office buildings now blend with the British colonial architecture, Chinese shophouses, and Malay kampongs (villages once thatch-roofed, now tin-roofed). In addition to its port activities, Singapore has tin-smelting works, pineapple canneries, rubber factories, oil refineries, and sawmills. The east lagoon is the regional centre for container transshipments. Jurong is a large industrial estate and port west of the city. Singapore’s thriving banking, insurance, and brokerage firms and its excellent transport, communications, and storage facilities have helped make it the chief trading and financial centre of Southeast Asia. The city-state’s post-World War II economic activities have been so successful that Singapore is now virtually a developed country. Singapore’s notable buildings include the Victoria Theatre and Memorial Hall, the Raffles Hotel, the High Court, the City Hall, the House of Jade, the Sri Mariamman Temple, and the Singapore Polytechnic. The government maintains a national museum, library, and theatre and the Van Kleef Aquarium. The international airport at Changi (opened in 1981) was developed on reclaimed land to the northeast. The Singapore Botanic Gardens are to the northwest. The National University of Singapore was founded in 1980 by the merger of the University of Singapore and Nanyang University. The Nanyang Technological Institute was established in the former Nanyang University in 1981. Tiger Balm Gardens is a collection of statuary depicting Chinese myths and legends. Other attractions include the Jurong Bird Park (opened 1971), some 50 acres (20 hectares) in area, perhaps the largest of its kind in the world. Sentosa Island in Singapore Harbour has been developed as a major recreational area; it is connected by cable car with Mount Faber and is also accessible by ferry, providing visitors with beaches, a golf course, and an amusement park. Pop. (1985 est.) central city, 157,000; (1992 est.) metropolitan area, 2,792,000. Riau Archipelago The Riau Archipelago is a geographic term (as opposed to administrative region) for the core group of islands within the Riau Islands Province in Indonesia, and located south of Singapore. Before the province of Riau Islands was formed, there was no ambiguity in term; however, in Indonesian language, both the archipelago and administrative province are referred to as simply “Kepulauan Riau”. The province may have the word “Provinsi” preceding it for clarity. Additionally the term BBK for Batam Bintan Karimun may refer to the archipelago.

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